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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2004, p. 10661-10669, Vol. 24, No. 24
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.24.10661-10669.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor
Controls Muc1 Transcription in Trophoblasts
Tali Shalom-Barak,1
Jill M. Nicholas,1
Yongxu Wang,2
Xiaowen Zhang,1
Estelita S. Ong,2,3
Timothy H. Young,1
Sandra J. Gendler,4
Ronald M. Evans,2,3 and
Yaacov Barak*
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine,1
,2
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California,3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona4
Received 30 June 2004/
Returned for modification 26 July 2004/
Accepted 20 September 2004
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR
) is essential for placental development. Here, we show that the mucin gene Muc1 is a PPAR
target, whose expression is lost in PPAR
null placentas. During differentiation of trophoblast stem cells, PPAR
is strongly induced, and Muc1 expression is upregulated by the PPAR
agonist rosiglitazone. Muc1 promoter is activated strongly and specifically by liganded PPAR
but not PPAR
or PPAR
. A PPAR binding site (DR1) in the proximal Muc1 promoter acts as a basal silencer in the absence of PPAR
, and its cooperation with a composite upstream enhancer element is both necessary and sufficient for PPAR
-dependent induction of Muc1. In the placenta, MUC1 protein is localized exclusively to the apical surface of the labyrinthine trophoblast around maternal blood sinuses, resembling its luminal localization on secretory epithelia. Last, variably penetrant maternal blood sinus dilation in Muc1-deficient placentas suggests that Muc1 regulation by PPAR
contributes to normal placental development but also that the essential functions of PPAR
in the organ are mediated by other targets.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609. Phone: (207) 288-6704. Fax: (207) 288-6077. E-mail:
ybarak{at}jax.org.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2004, p. 10661-10669, Vol. 24, No. 24
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.24.10661-10669.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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