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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2005, p. 3563-3574, Vol. 25, No. 9
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/MCB.25.9.3563-3574.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Id2 Mediates Tumor Initiation, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Rb Mutant Mice
Anna Lasorella,1,2,3
Gerson Rothschild,3
Yoshifumi Yokota,4
Robert G. Russell,5 and
Antonio Iavarone2,3,6*
Department of Pediatrics,1
Department of Pathology,2
Institute for Cancer Genetics,3
Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York,6
Department of Biochemistry, Fukui Medical University, Fukui Japan,4
Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC5
Received 30 August 2004/
Returned for modification 9 November 2004/
Accepted 18 January 2005
The inhibitor of differentiation Id2 is a target of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein during mouse embryogenesis. In Rb+/ mice, LOH at the wild-type Rb allele initiates pituitary adenocarcinoma, a tumor derived from embryonic melanotropes. Here we identify a critical role for Id2 in initiation, growth, and angiogenesis of pituitary tumors from Rb+/ mice. We show that proliferation and differentiation are intimately coupled in Rb+/ pituitary cells before tumor initiation. In Id2-null pituitaries, premature activation of basic helix-loop-helix-mediated transcription and expression of the cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 impairs the proliferation of melanotropes and tumor initiation. Without Id2, Rb+/ mice have fewer early tumor lesions and a markedly decreased proliferation rate of the tumor foci. Expression of Id2 by pituitary tumor cells promotes growth and angiogenesis by functioning as a master regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In human neuroblastoma, the N-Myc-driven expression of Id2 is sufficient and necessary for expression of VEGF. These results establish that aberrant Id2 activity directs initiation and progression of embryonal cancer.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032. Phone: (212) 851-5245. Fax: (212) 851-5267. E-mail:
ai2102{at}columbia.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2005, p. 3563-3574, Vol. 25, No. 9
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/MCB.25.9.3563-3574.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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